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SMS Körös
SMS ''Körös'' was the name ship of the ''Körös''-class river monitors built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Completed in 1892, the ship was part of the Danube Flotilla, and fought the Serbian Army, the Romanian Navy and Army, and the French Army from Belgrade to the lower Danube during World War I. After the war, she was transferred to the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and renamed ''Morava''.
During the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, she was the flagship of the 2nd Mine Barrage Division, and operated on the Tisza river. She fought off attacks by the ''Luftwaffe'', and shot down one enemy aircraft, but was forced to withdraw to Belgrade. Due to high river levels and low bridges, navigation of monitors was difficult, and she was scuttled by her crew on 11 April. Some of her crew tried to escape cross-country towards the southern Adriatic coast, but most were obliged to surrender on 14 April. The remainder made their way to the Bay of Kotor, which was captured by the Italian XVII Corps on 17 April. She was later raised by the navy of the Axis puppet state the Independent State of Croatia and continued in service as ''Bosna'' until June 1944 when she struck a mine and sank.
==Description and construction==
The name ship of the ''Körös''-class river monitors was built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy by H. Schönichen. She was designed by Austrian naval architect Josef Thiel, and laid down at Budapest in 1890. ''Körös'' and her sister ship were the first Austro-Hungarian river monitors to enter service in nearly two decades, and were meant to guarantee Austro-Hungarian control over the Danube in the event of a war in the Balkans. Their introduction doubled the size of Austria-Hungary's Danube Flotilla. The two monitors had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . Her displacement was , and her crew consisted of 84 officers and enlisted men. The ship was powered using steam generated by two Yarrow boilers driving two triple-expansion steam engines, and carried of coal. Her engines were rated at and she was designed to reach a top speed of .
''Körös'' was armed with one twin gun turret of /L35 guns, two /L42 guns, and two machine guns. Her armour consisted of a belt and bulkheads thick, deck armour thick, and conning tower armour thick. Her armour was produced by the Witkowitz steel works, in Moravia. ''Körös'' was built to engage enemy shore batteries, and could withstand a direct hit from most contemporary field guns. She was completed and launched in 1892. Her sister ship ''Szamos'' was completed in 1893, and was identical except for armour on her conning tower. Together, the two ships were stationed at the Petrovaradin Fortress, near Novi Sad.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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